* CORRECTION HOMEWORK
+ STUDENT'S BOOK. Pag. 87. 5 Reading&Listening
a) In my opinion, I think that the most important is the talent because if you don't know how to do the job, you never could do well it
b) 1- He thinks that the three factors are talent, luck and the extra practical
2- Because in some countries the school year runs from January to December and a boy who was
born in January will be in the same class as one whose was born in December
3- He says that in order to get to the very top you need to put in 10.000 hours of practice working
+ STUDENT´S BOOK. Pag. 83.
a) It is better to do a job that you're happy that a job which you earn more money,
but which you are upset (dislike)
b) 1- She used to get very good marks for art at high school F/
2- She thought she would earn more money working as a chemist than begin an artist T/
3- She enjoyed Graduate school but not college F/
4- She lived at home after she quit Graduate school DS
5- She was quite well-paid for filling envelopes at the NGO DS/
6- She feels passionate about design T
c) being a starving artist= ser un artista muerto de hambre/ turning point= giro/ to dread= temer/
something - anything= algo, cualquier cosa/ filling envelopes= rellenando sobres/
+ PHOTOCOPY 5-8-18
b) In my opinion, I think that a personalised diet is better and more efficient than to do exercise.
I think that to do dieting is essential!. Near of our work, there is a good health shop with a
dietician. Although I think if it's a rainy day we won't do that day it!. Although the cost
personalised diet is more expensive than the Tai Chi on the
beach as one costs €50 and the other costs €30, In my opinion, the diet is better than to do Tai Chi
because we'll get fit before and we couldn't go to Tai Chi every day so we must to work at the week
and only we could go the weekend.
* ORACIONES RELATIVAS. Fotocopia 10/5/18
¿Para qué nos va a servir conocer el uso de las clausulas relativas? Un uso básico consiste en juntar dos oraciones para formar una sola sin modificar el significado general. La idea es juntar dos oraciones en una sola haciendo uso del pronombre relativo adecuado.
| Pronombres Relativos | ||
| Pronombre | Traducción | Se usa el pronombre para . . . |
| that, who, whom* | que, quien, a quien | una persona |
| whose | cuyo | un posesivo |
| that, which | que, cual | una cosa |
| where | donde | un lugar |
| when | cuando | un tiempo |
| why | porque | una razón |
*Who es un pronombre sujeto y "whom" es un pronombre objeto.
- Definiendo las oraciones relativas: gente, personas
a) Sujeto: Who or that.
Who es generalmente usado para PERSONAS
That se utiliza generalmente después de all, everyone, everybody, no one nobody and those
Ej: The man who robbed you has been arrested /The girls who serve in the shop are owner's sisters
Everyone that knew him liked him / Nobody that watched the match will ever forget it
b) Objeto de un verbo: WHO, WHO, THAT
La forma del objeto es WHOM, pero es muy formal.
Generalmente usamos WHO ó THAT y es mas usual omitir el pronombre objeto.
Ej: The man whom I saw told me to come back today or the man I saw me to come back today
c) Con una preposición: WHOM ó THAT
En un inglés formal la preposición es colocada antes del pronombre raltivo,
la cual debe ser entonces utilizada con la forma WHOEM
Ej: The man to whom I spoke
Hablando de una manera informal es más normal colocar la preposición al final de la oración.
A menudo whom es remplazado por that, pero es más común omitir el relativo
Ej: The man who/ whom I spoke to --- The man that I spoke to --- The man I spoke to
d) Possessive
La única forma posible es WHOSE
Ej: People whose rents have been raised can appeal/ the film is about a spy whose wife betrays him
- Respuestas cortas:
Para hacer respuestas cortas usamos el verbo:
+ TO BE (am, is, are, was, were) para el Present simple, Past simple, Presente Continous,
Past Continuous and Going to questions
+ HAVE (have, has, had) para el Present Perfect y Interrogativas en Past Perfect
+ WILL para hacer preguntas en Future Simple
- Definiendo las oraciones relativas: cosas
a) Sujeto: WHICH ó THAT. Siendo which más formal
Ej: This is the picture which caused such a sensation/
the stairs that lead to the cellar are rather slippery
b) Objeto de un verbo: WHICH ó THAT ó ninguno
Ej: The car which/ that I hired broke down --- The car I hired broke down
Which casi nunca es usado después de all, everything, little, much, none, no y en las formas compuestas de no ó después de superlativos. En su lugar usamos THAT ó omitimos el relativo.
Ej: All the apples that fall are eaten by the pigs/ This is the best hotel (that) I know
c) Objeto de una preposición: La constucción formal es PREPOSICION+ WHICH, pero lo más normal es colocar la preposición al final de frase, usando which ó that o ninguno
Ej: The ladder on which I was standing began to slip/
The ladder which/ that I was standing on began to slip/ The ladder I was standing on began to slip
d) Posesivo: WHOSE + una oración, siendo mas común WITH + una frase
Ej: A house whose walls were made of glass / a house with glass walls
e) Adverbios relativos:
+ WHEN puede reemplazar a IN/ON WHICH (se utiliza en oraciones de tiempo)
Ej: the year when (= in which) he was born/ the day when (= in which) they arrived
+ WHERE puede reemplazar a IN/AT WHICH (se utiliza en oración de lugar)
Ej: the hotel where (=in/at which) they were staying
+ WHY puede reemplazar a FOR WHICH
Ej: the reason why he refused is...
- Cuando WHEN, WHERE y WHY son usados de esta forma son ADVERBIOS RELATIVOS
* ORACIONES RELATIVAS NO DEFINIDAS
Las "non-defining relative clauses" están compuestas por un pronombre relativo, un verbo y otros elementos opcionales, como el sujeto o el objeto del verbo. Siempre se emplean comas o paréntesis para delimitar las oraciones de relativo no especificativas y separarlas del resto de la oración principal.
PRONOMBRES RELATIVOS
Los siguientes pronombres relativos se utilizan en las proposiciones relativas explicativas. Estos pronombres relativos aparecen al principio de la oración de relativo y hacen referencia a un nombre que los precede en la oración principal.
| Persona | Cosa | Lugar | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sujeto | who | which | |
| Objeto | who/whom | which | where |
| Posesión | whose |
DIFERENCIAS RESPECTO A LAS ORACIONES DE RELATIVO ESPECIFICATIVAS
En las proposiciones relativas especificativas, los pronombres "who", "whom" y "which" suelen sustituirse por "that" en el inglés hablado. Sin embargo, en las subordinadas relativas no especificativas, no es posible reemplazar otros pronombres con "that". Tampoco puede omitirse el pronombre relativo en las "non-defining relative clauses" como hacemos en las oraciones de relativo especificativas. El pronombre es necesario, incluso cuando funciona como objeto del verbo de la proposición relativa explicativa. Finalmente, las oraciones de relativo no especificativas siempre se separan del resto de la oración principal mediante comas, mientras que las oraciones de relativo especificativas no están delimitadas por signos de puntuación.
- Non-Defining Relative Clauses: Peoplea) Sujeto: WHO, ningún otro pronombre es posible, siempre entre comas.
Ej: My neighbour, who is very pessimistic, says there will be no apples this year
Peter, who had been driving all day, suggested stopping at the next town
b) Objeto: El pronombre no puede ser omitido. WHOM es la forma correcta ,
WHO es usado en la coversación
Ej: Peter, whom everyone suspected, turned out to be innocent
c) Objeto de una preposición: WHOM. el pronombre no puede ser omitido.
la preposición normalmente va antes de whom
Ej: Mr Jone, for whom I was working, was very generous about overtime payments.
Es posible mover la preposición al final de la oración y
entonces utilizariamos who en lugar de whom
Ej: Mr Jones, who I was working for, was very generous about overtime payments
Si la oración contiene una expresión de tiempo o lugar, permanecerá al final
Ej: Peter, with whom I played tennis on Sundays, was fitter than me
Peter, who/whom I played tennis with on Sundays, was fitter than me
d) Posesivo: WHOSE
Ej: Ann, whose children are at school all day, is trying to get a job
This is George, whose class you will be taking
- Non-defining relative clauses: cosas
a) Sujeto: WHICH . That no se usa en estas expresiones
Ej: That block, which cost $5 million to build, has been empty for years
The 8.15 train, which is usually very punctual, was late today
b) Objeto: WHICH. That nunca puede usarse y WHICH nunca puede ser omitido
Ej: She gave me this jumper, which she had knitted herself
These books, which you can get at any bookshop, will give you all the information you need
c) Objeto de una preposición: La preposición se coloca antes de WHICH ó al final de la oración
Ej: His house, for which he paid $1000, is now worth $ 5000
His house, which he paid $1000 for, is now worth $5000
d) Posesivo: WHOSE ó WHICH.
Whose es generalmente usado para animales y cosas.
OF WHICH es posible usarlo para referirnos a cosas, pero no es muy común excepto cuando hablamos ingles de una manera muy formal.
Ej: His house, whose windows are all broken, was a depressing sight
The car, whose handbrake wasn't very reliable, began to slide backwards
* EXERCISES
1- a) a thief is a person who steals things/ b) A butcher is a person who sells meat/
c) A musician is a person who plays a musical instrument/
d) A patient is a person who is ill in a hospital/
e) A photographer is a person who takes photographs/
f) A dentist is a person who looks after your teeth/ g) A fool is a person who is very stupid/
h) A genius is a person who is very intelligent/ i) A liar is a person who doesn't tell the truth
2- a) The man who phoned didn't say his name/
b) The woman who opened the door was wearing a yellow dress/
c) The people who live next door to us are very nice/
d) The policeman who stopped our car wasn't very friendly/
e) The boy who ran away broke the window -- who broke the window ran away
3- a) I met a woman who can speak six languages/
b) What's the name of the man who-that lives next door?/
c) What's the name of the river which - that goes through the town?/
d) Everybody that went to the party enjoyed it very much/
e) Do you know anybody who-that wants to buy a car?/
f) Where is the picture that-which was on the wall?/
g) She always asks me questions that-which are difficult to answer/
h) I have a friend who is very good at repairing cars/
i) A coffee-maker is a machine which-that makes coffee/
j) I don't like people who- that never stop talking/
k) Have you seen the money that-which wan on the table?/
l) Why does he always wear clothes that-which are too small for him?
* STUDENT'S BOOK. Pag. 86. 5 Reading & Listening
c) Lucky and hard work (practice)
d) The Beatles: 1- The played in Hamburg (Germany) between 1960-1964 years
2- He was from London
3- They has to play for up to eight hours a night, seven nights a week
4- They had performed live about 1200 times
Bill Gates: 5- In 1968/ 6- The most universities didn't have a computer club/
7- They spent most of his time in the computer room/
8- They spent between 20 and 30 hours every week
* STUDENT'S BOOK. Pag. 87. 6 Vocabulary
a) luck is a noun and lucky is an adjective
1-luck -- a negative adjective -- unlucky / a positive adverb luck -- luckily/
a negative advert -- unluckily
* STUDENT'S BOOK. Pag. 163. Word building. 2 Make adjectives and adverbs
a) noun adjectives adverbs
+ - + -
luck lucky unlucky luckily unluckily
fortune fortunate unfortunate fortunately unfortunately
comfort comfortable uncomfortable comfortably uncomfortably
patience patient impatient patiently impatiently
care careful careless carefully carelessly
b) 1- The beach was beautiful, but unfortunately, it rained almost every day/
2- My new shoes are very comfortable. I wore them for the first time yesterday and they didn't hurt
at all/
3- He didn't the exam quickly and carelessly and so he made lots of mistakes/
4- We were really unlucky. We missed the flight by just five minutes/
5- Jack is very impatient driver He can't stand being behind someone who is driving slowly/
6- It was a bad accident, but luckily nobody was seriously hurt/
7- It was raining, but fans waited patiently in the queue to buy tickets for tomorrow's concert/
8- The roads will be very icy tonight, so drive carefully/
9- The temperature dropped to minus 10 degrees, but fortunately we were all wearing warn coats
and jackets/ 10- The bed in the hotel was incredibly uncomfortable. I hardly slept at all
* VOCABULARY
being a starving artist= ser un artista muerto de hambre/ turning point= giro/ to dread= temer/
something - anything= algo, cualquier cosa/ filling envelopes= rellenando sobres/
couldn't help it= no pudimos evitarlo/ stroke of good luck= gople de suerte/
let alone=por supuesto que no, ni mucho menos/skipped athletics= se saltaba las clases de atletismo/
careful= cuidadoso/ careless= desprocupado, sin ser cuidadoso/
carelessly= despreocupadamente, sin hacerlo cuidasamente
* IMPORTANTE
- Repasar los conectores para el ejercicio de Speaking.
Está en la última página de Extraphotocopies.
* HOMEWORK
- Fotocopia 10-5-18: exercises 4, 5 y 6
- Extrafotocopias: Pag. 42
- Libro gris: Chapter 7 & 8. Las respuestas están en la página 14 de las extra photocopies
- Student's book: Writing Pag. 119. Write a letter of complaint about something you bought online
- Fotocopia 8-5-18: Preparar speaking 4
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