STEREOTYPES

30 de noviembre 2017
* GRAMMAR BOOK. Pag.232. 10 Vocabulary Family and Friends
1) 1- Jane got married to her husband, Bob four years ago/
    2- Jane's friends think that she and she and Bob are the perfect couple/
    3- They haven´t  got any children yet, but they want a large family/
    4- Jane's twin sister, May, was born half an hour before she was/
    5- Jane and Mary look alike but are not exactly the same/
    6- Mary isn't married.  She says she prefers to be single/
    7- She says she believes in friendship, but doesn't believe in marriage/
    8- Diana is Jane and Mary's elder sister. She calls them her"little sisters"/
    9- Diana has been engaged for three years, but hasn't got married yet/
  10- She has a career and doesn't like the idea of being a housewife 

2) 1- All Sue's friends and relations/ relatives came to her party/
    2- I occasionally meet Terry, but he's more a/an acquaintance than a friend/
    3- When Paul arrived, he received a warm and friendly greeting/
    4- Six months after their engagement, Michael and Lisa got married/
    5- There was a great celebration in the village when their team won the cup/
    6- In an ideal marriage, husband and wife share each other's problem/
    7- Dina and her mother look alike. There is a strong resemblance between them/
    8- Matt cried when he heard about the death of his old dog

3) 1- Children are not allowed to see this film. It's for adults only/
    2- By the time the vet arrived, the injured cat was already dead/
    3- Unfortunately it rained on Nick and Helen's wedding day/
    4- David and Diana have two sons and one daughter/
    5- I think we should try to understand the problems old people/
    6- There should be more facilities for young people in this town/
    7- More than fifty relatives were invited to Jack's party/ 8- It's my birthday today. I'm 18 years old

4) 1- I've started going out with George's younger sister f/
    2- When little Tina is grown up she wants to be an astronaut i/
    3- I wonder if you could put us up for a few days next week? j/
    4- Carol doesn't really get on well with her mother in law h/
    5- Everyone says that Tom takes after his father a/
    6- Let's have some friends round for dinner on Friday g/
    7- Do you think you could look after while I'm away? e/
    8- Why don't we all get together again next Friday evening? b/
    9- Ellen and Laura were brought up by an aunt after their parents died c/
  10- If I have time I'll drop in on Steve for a chat d/

5) 1- We've got a new neighbour called Helen Willis.She moved into the house next door yesterday e/
    2- This is Sue. She's a colleague of mine. We both work in the same department at the bank d/
    3- Andrew is going to be our best man. When John and I get married he'll stand next to John g/
    4- At the end of the evening I thanked our host I was happy that he'd invited me to this party a/
    5- I'm sure that the Mary will be a wonderful bride.
        She's a dressmaker and has designed her own wedding dress h/
    6- Next week I'm going to stay with my grandparents.
        They're both in their seventies, but they live a very full life f /
    7- I've always got on well with my sister-in-law even before she married my brother we'd become
        good friends b/
    8- Georgina is the ideal guest. She always offers to help in the house when she stays with us c/

* STUDENT'S BOOK. Pag. 137. 3B exercise b
b) 1- How often do you go to the gym? About three times a week. But I never go on -- Fridays/
    2- What time does the train leave? In ten minutes. Can you give me a lift to the station?/
    3- What a lovely dress! Thanks. I bought in the sales -- last month/
    4- What's the most interesting place to visit in your town?
         Probably the castle. It's the oldest building in town/
    5- What shall we do -- next weekend?/ Let's invite some friends for -- lunch.
        We could eat outside in the garden/
   6- Do you like-- dogs? Not really. I prefer -- cats. I think they're the best pets/
   7- Is your mum a housewife? No, she 's a teacher. She's always tired when she finishes -- work/
   8- Have you ever had a problem in your relationship?
       Yes, but we got over the problem and we got married -- last year/
   9- When is the meeting? They've changed the date. It's -- next Tuesday now

* STUDENT'S BOOK. Pag. 29. 3 Pronunciation
a) di=  the end/ the other day/ the internet/ the answer/ the Earth
    de= the cinema/ the world/ the sun/ the kitchen/
b) 1- I like football, I enjoy watching on Tv a good match football,. When my favourite team is
         playing I really enjoy it. Athletic Bilbao is my favourite team because I was born in Bilbao
         but my wife doesn't like football, she hates when I stay watching a football match and I don't
         want to walk or going shopping with her

   2- I don't like fashion. I think that the fashion is a business created by the firms to people wasted
       your money. I don't like fashion because all people is wearing the same clothes. They are as
       school children all wearing the same uniform, but my wife is in love with the fashion. She likes
       going shopping and buy the newest clothes every month. Her wardrobe is like a great fashion
       shop.

- ANNOTATIONS
the + vocal =  (di)  Ej. The internet, the awful day, the only
the + consonante= (de) Ej: the watch, the match, the sun

* STUDENT'S BOOK. Pag. 30. 5 Reading & listening
a) Yes, I think that women are better than men at looking after small children.
    It is own of their personality
    Yes, my friend when he was unemployed he was looking after baby daughter, but he preferred
    to look for a new job before that look after to his daughter. He said it was better a hard job than
    look after his daughter. She was terrible.

b) backpack= mochila/ nappies= pañales/ first aid= botiquin/ tissues= pañuelos/
    wet wipes= toallitas húmedas/ baby spoon= cuchara de bebe/ bibs= baberos/
    baby bottle= biberon/ a changing mat= manta para cambiar (al niño)/ flannel= manopla/
    house keys= llaves de casa/ powdered milk tin = bote de leche en polvo/
    jar of nappy cream= bote de crema para niños/ thermomether= termómetro/ rucksack= mochila

c) Absolutely he no idea how to look after his baby and he wanted to help to other men in this
    situation
    It is different because is a set of instructions that explains with military precision and diagrams
    how new father should approach the first three years of their child's life

d) 1- Miranda is older than Stephen F/ 2- Miranda's father slept badly the night before T/
    3- Stephen's father recommends sleeping tablets F/
    4- Stephen's father hasn't read Commando Dad F/
    5- He likes the website because he enjoys reading about other men's experiences T/
    6- Stephen¡s father really likes the book because it helps him and makes him laugh T/
    7- In Commando Dad, BT mean's "Baby trooper" and "Base Camp" means the kitchen F/
    8- The autor of Commando Dad thinks that women are only better than men when the baby is
        small F

e) 1- No, Stephen was four months old/ 3- No, Stephen's father recommends ear-plugs/
    4-No, Stephen's father's read it/ 7- Base Camp is the baby's bedroom/
    8- No, he thinks that women are only better than men when the baby is ill

* STUDENT'S BOOK. Pag.31. 6 Speaking
a) Generally speaking/ they tend to/ are also usually / in general

b) Generally speaking, I think the women worry more about their appearance than men because
     they usually tend to spend more time in front the mirror than men.

* VOCABULARY
backpack= mochila/ nappies= pañales/ first aid= botiquin/ tissues= pañuelos/
wet wipes= toallitas húmedas/ baby spoon= cuchara de bebe/ bibs= baberos/
baby bottle= biberon/ a changing mat= manta para cambiar (al niño)/ flannel= manopla/
house keys= llaves de casa/ powdered milk tin = bote de leche en polvo/
jar of nappy cream= bote de crema para niños/ thermomether= termómetro/rucksack= mochila/

look after= cuidar de/ manage= manejar/ bringing up children= criando niños/ 

brought= pasado de verb. traer (trajo)/ army= ejército/ first-rate= primera categoria/ 

father of X children= padre de X chicos/ sort of= como qué, tipo de/ multitasking= multitarea

* CONSULT IN WWW
-  The sound of English.http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/

* HOMEWORK
- Fotocopia 23/11/17. Celebration St. Andrew's Day
- Grammar Book. Pag. 136,138,139




 

/

ARTICLES A/AN, THE, NO ARTICLE

28 de noviembre de 2017
* CORRECTION HOMEWORK
- Fotocopias 21-11-17 
c) 1- Alex is much shorter than Joshua/ 2- Amy is a lot less confident than Amy/
    3- My house is nearer the school than yours/ 4- Andy is happier than Jude about the decision/
    5- Simon is fatter than Bill/ 6- Sara-Jane is younger than Terry/
    7- Patricia's sister is worse than Patricia on the clarinet/
    8- The houses in my grandparents' village are more beautiful than the houses here

d) 1- This really is the worst song I've ever heard!/ 2- Ivy is the kindest woman I know/
    3- I promise you, this is the funniest joke ever!/ 4- This is the tastiest soup you've made so far/
    5- What's the hardest thing about English grammar for you?/
    6- Ben appeared and he was carrying the biggest present I'd ever seen/
    7- We had a competition to see who could swim the farthest/
    8- Sandra told us the scariest ghost story she could, and it was really frightening!

e) I think this is the worst job I've ever had. My last job was much better than this one. I had a lot
    less work there and my boss was really nice. My boss here is the strictest in the whole firm, and
    the working day is longer than in my last job, too. The best thing about it is that the office is 
  closer to my house than the old one. At least now I get home earlier than I used to.

f) 1- I walk faster than him/ 2- I walk the most slowly of all/ 3- I'm the dirtiest pigeon/
   4- I'm dirtier than they are/ 5- I'm the cleanest pigeon/ 6- I ran the fastest of all/
   7- I ran faster than everyone except him/ 8- They both ran faster than me/
   9- I'm the eldest in the family/ 10- And I'm the youngest

- Extraphotocopies Pag.20. 3A Grammar comparatives and superlatives
a) 1- Cycling to work is quicker than Bill/ 2- Olga drives more carefully than Bill/
    3- My dad has less hair now than he had five years ago/
    4- Now I've tried them on, these shoes are more comfortable than I thought they were going to
        be/ 5- In this photo you look younger than your sister/
    6- Taxis are much more expensive than buses or the Underground/
    7- Anne's not as tall as Susie, but she's thinner/ 8- My phone is more modern than yours/
    9- I love riding my scooter, it's much better than driving a car/
   10- Can you say that again more slowly, please?/
   11- It's the most beautiful beach than I've ever been to/
   12- Sean's the worst actor in the group/
   13- What 's the nicest thing anyone's ever said to you?/
   14- Everyone thinks their mum's cooking is the best in the world/
   15- Which sofa looks nicer do you think?/
   16- I think we should take this case. It's the biggest one that we have/
   17- It's usually hotter here in June than it is in May/
   18- Did you go the same school as your brother?/
   19- It's cheap and you can eat as much food as you like/ 20- I read much faster than my brother

* STUDENT'S BOOK. Pag. 28. 3B Stereotypes - or are they?
1- Reading & Speaking
a) 1-) I think that I 'm usually a talkative person/
    2- The person the most talkative in my family is my wife/
    2- The person the most talkative is Wyoming, the showman on the TV/
    3- I think that the women are more talkative than men/
    4- The men usually talk about sports, cars and women and
        the women usually talk about another women, clothes and children

b) 1- They wanted to investigate the stereotype that women talk more than the men/
    2- The research was made at the University of Arizona/
    3- They were made it with hundreds of university students were fitted with recorders/
    4- The women speak about 16,000 words a day and men speak only slightly fewer

d) 1- in fact/ 2- reduce/ 3- tend to/ 4- slightly/ 5- whereas/ 6- claimed / 7- according to/
    8- range from/ 9- almost/ 10- been sceptical of

2- Grammar articles: a/an, the, no article
1- A man with a dog into a bar. The man says to the barman.
    Can I have a beer and a whisky for my dog/
2- I've just read an article on the internet about how eating -- strawberries makes you look younger/
3- Because we never go out to -- dinner or to the cinema anymore/
4- Did you watch the match -- last night?
    I can't believe that the referee didn't see that it was a penalty

* STUDENT'S BOOK. Pag. 137. 3B articles: a/an, the, no article
+ a/an
   - Usamos a/an con sustantivos singulares contables:
      1- la primera vez que mencionamos a una persona o cosa. Ej I saw an old man with a dog
      2- Cuando decimos que algo es o la profesión de alguien. EJ: It's a nice houes. She's a lawyer
      3- En exclamciones con What!. Ej: What an awful day!
      4- En expresiones de frecuencia. Ej: I have classes three times a week

+ the
   - Usamos "the" con:
     1- Cuando hablamos acerca de alguna cosa que acabamos de mencionar
         Ej: I saw an old man with a dog. The dog was barking
     2- Cuando esta claro a lo que nos estamos refiriendo. Ej: My father opened the door
     3- Cuando hay solamente una cosa. Ej: The moon goes around the Earth
     4- Con sitios o lugares en una ciudad. Ej: I'm going to the cinema tonight
     5- Con adjetivos o adverbios superlativos. Ej: It's the best restaurant in towm

+ Sin artículo
   - No usamos ningun artículo con:
     1- Cuando hablamos de algo en general (con sustantivos plurales y sustantivos uncountable)
          Ej: Women usually talk more than men  /  Love is more important than money
     2- Con algunos sustantivos (casa, trabajo, escuela, iglesia) después de at/ to/ from
         Ej: She's not at home today  / I get from work at 5.30
     3- Antes de referirnos a  comidas, días y meses. Ej: I never have breakfast
     4- Antes de next/ last + day/ week, etc...Ej: See you next Friday

a) 1- Jess is a nurse in a hospital. The hospital is a long way from her house/
    2- What a horrible day! We'll have to eat our picnic in the car/
    3- My wife likes love stories, but I prefer was films/ 4- We go to the theatre about once a month/
    5- I'm having dinner with some friends next Friday/
    6- My boyfriend is a chef. I think he's the best cook in the world/
    7- I'm not sure if I closed the windows before I left home this morning/
    8- In general, I like dogs, but I don't the dogs that live next door to me/
    9- I got to school late every day last week/ 10- I think happiness is more important than success

* VOCABULARY
success= éxito/ wilde= amplio, extenso/ in charge of= al cargo de/ range from= abarca desde/
been sceptical of= ser escéptico de/ common belief= creencia común/ to swap= intercambiar
claimed= afirmado, reinvidicado/ gossip= cotilleo/ carried out= llevar a cabo/ up to= hasta/
almost everything= casi todo/ tend to= tender a/ subject= tema/ chat= charlar/ in fact= de hecho
linking word= conjunción/ to reduce= reducir, disminuir/ slightly= ligeramente, un poco/
whereas= mientras, visto que/ stereotypes= estereotipos

* HOMEWORK
- Grammar Book. Pag. 232 & 233. Family and friends
- Student's Book. Pag. 137. exercise B
- Writting about Bilbao's Public Transport

ADJETIVES AND ADVERBS, COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES

23 de noviembre de 2017
GRAMMAR BOOK. Pag. 150. MAKING COMPARISONS
+ Comparativos y superlativos: Significado
   Comparan y separan dos cosas. Ej: Mary is taller than Monica.
   Superlativos comparan una cosa con otras cosas. Ej: Sarah is the best player in the town

+ Comparativos y superlativos: Forma
   - Una sílaba
     Los adjetivos comparativos con una sola sílaba se forman añadiendo -er al final del adjetivo.
     Las palabras con una sílaba que terminan en una consonante, se añade la última consonante.
     Las palabras que terminan en consonante + -y, se cambia la -y por -i.
     Ej: long -- longer /  big -- bigger  /  dry -- drier
 
     Los adjetivos superlativos se forman añadiendo  -est al adjetivo
     Ej: long -- the longest  /  big -- the biggest  /  dry -- the driest

  - Dos sílabas o más
    Los adjetivos comparativos con dos o más sílabas se forman normalmente con more
    Ej: modern -- more modern  /  interesting -- more interesting
   
    Los adjetivos superlativos se forman normalmente con the most
    Ej: modern -- the most modern  /  interesting -- the most interesting

    Algunos adjetivos con dos sílabas se pueden formar de otra forma:
    Ej: common  --  commoner  (comp.)  --  the commonest (superl.)
          common  --  more common (comp) -- the most common (superl)
     Otros ejemplos incluyen: quiet, tired, clever, polite, simple

   Normalmente usamos "the" con un superlativo + sustantivo. 
    Ej: Sarah is the best swimmer
   El superlativo tambien puede ser usado sin el nombre
    Ej: Sarah is the best

+ Formas irregulares
    good --  better  --  the best  /  bad -- worse  --  the worst  /  little -- less  --  the least
    far --  further, farther  --  the farthest, the furthest  /  much, many  -- more  --  the most

    Y ahi un uso especial de "old" para describir miembros de una familia  tiene forma irregular:
      old  --  elder  --  the eldest.  Ej: This is my elder brothers   /   Jane is their eldest daughter

+ Adverbios
   Los adverbios comparativos y superlativos se forman de la misma manera que los adjetivos.
   Muchos adverbios cortos comunes pueden formar comparativos de dos maneras:
  slow -- slower -- more slowly / quick -- quicker --  more quickly / loud --  louder --  more loudly
    Tambien utilizan esta forma los adverbios: loud, quick, slow

+ Haciendo comparaciones
- THAN se usa con un comparativo para comparar dos cosas
    Ej: Mary is better than Monica  / Mary is a better player than Monica

- Cuando comparamos acciones, usamos un auxiliar al final de la frase en lugar de la forma verbal
    Ej: Mary plays better than Monica does   (NO  ... than Monica plays)
          You've done more work than I have   (NO  ... than I have done)
     También se puede decir:  Mary plays better than Monica /  You've done more work than me

- Utilizamos "just as ... as" para comparar dos cosas que son iguales
    Ej: Mary is just as good as Cathy   /  Mary is just as good a player as Cathy

- Usamos "not as ... as" para comparar dos cosas que no son iguales
   Ej: Cathy is not as good as Mary  /   Cathy is not as good a player as Mary

- "More... than"    y    "less ... than"
    Ej: This game is more interesting than last one  / I think this game is less interesting than that one

+ Intensificadores
    Utilizamos adverbios de grado "a bit, much, a lot, far, etc." con los comparativos
    Ej: This house is much/a lot/ far bigger than that one
          The Italian film was much more interesting than this one
          That film was far less frightening than this one

* CORRECTION HOMEWORK. Book Grammar. Pag. 152
1- 1- The fish was as tasty as the meal /2- This book is the most interesting I've ever read/
    3- This temple is the oldest in Europe/ 4- That dress is a lot longer than the other one/
    5- Nothing is worse than being stuck in a traffic jam/
    6- That skyscraper is one of the tallest buildings in the world/
    7- The test wasn't as hard as I thought/ 8- Actually, today I feel  worse than I did yesterday/
    9- Our journey took longer than we expected/ 10- Could you work more quietly, please?

2- 1- The Nile is the longest river in the world/
    2- I was disappointed as the film was less entertaining than I expected/
    3- Most planes go a lot faster than trains/ 4- Yesterday was one of the hottest days of the year/
    5- I think this book is much better than the other one/
    6- The twins are the same height. Tim is as tall as Sue/
    7- The first exercise was easy but this one is more difficult/
    8- The Mediterranean is not as large as the Pacific Ocean/
    9- This classroom is not as big as the one next door/
   10- This is the worst television programme I've ever watched

3- 1- Paul is not as good a runner as David/ 2- Anna is the tallest in the class/
    3- You've written more than me/ 4- Sophie's hair is longer than Jane's/
    5- I'm the noisest student in the school/ 6- The last exhibition was not as interesting as this one/
    7- The car can't go faster than this -  go any faster/ 8- Kate didn't eat as much as Helen

4- 1- Our team is just as good as your team/
    2- This is one of the most famous paintings in the world/
    3- Everyone did more work than Philip did/
    4- You're not a safe driver! You should drive more slowly/
    5- Ann is taller than Mike but their son Dave is the tallest in the family/
    6- What an awful book. It's one of the least interesting I've ever read/
    7- It makes no difference  because this road is just as bad as that one/
    8- Today is less cold than yesterday, so I'm wearing my shorts

5- 1- biggest/ 2- greatest/ 3- shorter/ 4- likeliest/ 5- tallest/ 6- farther/ 7- smallest/ 8- harder/
   10- wettest/ 11- fitter/ 12- tighter/ 13- heavier/ 14- wider

* STUDENT'S BOOK. Pag. 27. 7 SPEAKING
a) I agree with: - Slow drivers cause more accidents than fast drivers  because the slow drives can get
                            nervous another drives
                         - People who drink and drive should lose their driving license for life if they caused
                           the death of any person then I agree
                         - Speed cameras do not stop accidents because they usually are placed in the
                           inappropriate places
                         - Drivers who are over 70 are as dangerous as young drivers because they don't have 
                           Good reflexes that the younger drives
                         - Cyclist should head to wear helmets because if they fall on the road they always hit
                           their heads on the road

    I disagree with: - The minimum age for riding a motorbike should be 25 because it depends on 
                                 type of motorcycle that they are going to drive, if has less power of 500cc there
                                 isn't a problem

                              - The speed limit on motorways be lower because how much the speed is low it
                                 causes sleepiness and boredom

* STUDENT'S BOOK. Pag. 115 . 3 An article for a magazine
a) - the most expensive - black taxi/ - the healthiest - Boris bike/
    - the best is you want to see the sights of London - double-decker bus/
    - the safest to use late at night - black taxi

 b) 1- We use Oyster card to get buses or to get underground/
     2- They are called that because they named after Boris Johnson, the mayor of London/
     3- The minicab is a normal car which works for a company and which you have to phone.
          It's much cheaper than a black taxi

c) 1- to get around the city/ 2- every time you get on or off the Tube/
    4- from machines next to bus  stops/ 5- when you get on bus/ 6- travelling on a double-decker bus/
    7- especially with tourists/ 8- before you get in the taxi/ 9- to travel late at night

- VOCABULARY
scheme= programa/ newsagent's= vendedor de periodicos, kioskos/ fee= tarifa/
nicknamed= apodado/ mayor= alcalde/ most= mayoria ,la mayor parte/ bend=curva/
reflexes= reflejos/ to hit= golpear/ get nervous= poner nervioso/
isn't well sit rate= no está bien sentado/ naughtly= travieso, desobediente/
"name" after "name"= "xx" llamado así "xx"/ to get= conseguir/ get on-off= subir o bajar de/
can be quicker= puede ser mas rápido/ double-decker bus= autobús de dos pisos/
have to phone= tienes que llamar/

* FOTOCOPIA. 23-11-17 (1) THANKSGIVING
1- On the fourth Thursday in November/ 2- They were members of the English Separatist Church/
3- The ship was called The Mayflower/ 4- Their trip took 65 days/
5- The Wampanoag helped the Pilgrims/ 6- The first Thanksgiving lasted for three days/
7- Thanksgiving became a national holiday in 1863/
8- They make a traditional dinner of roast turkey with cranberries, sweet potatoes and pumpkin pie
    for dessert/ 9- They after diner go to or watch on Tv football matches/
10-The Canadiens celebrate Thanksgiving on the second Monday in October

- VOCABULARY
thanksgiving= acción de gracias/ pilgrims= peregrinos/ to hunt= cazar/ to plant= cazar/
crops=cultivos / harvest= cosecha, recoleccion/ feast= banquete, celebración/ lasted= duró/
thankful= agradecido/ to gather= reunir/ cranberry=arándano rojo/ blueberry= arándano azul

* FOTOCOPIA. 23-11-17 (2) BREAKING NEWS ENGLISH
- True/ False
a) One billion people went shopping on Black Friday T/
b) Stores offer discounts of up to70% off thousands of products T/
c) Police went to supermarkets in England to stop people being crushed T/
d) Police said store staff refused to help them F/
e) Shoppers in England and staff in the USA were not happy F/
f) The Us holiday of Thanksgiving is the day before Black Friday T/
g) An anti-Black Thursday Facebook page has over 100,000 likes T/
h) There are more than 600 petitions for Black Friday to change F

- Synonym Match
1- offer - give/ 2- items - products/ 3- huge - enormous/ 4- crushed - squashed/
5- ensure - make certain/ 6- head to - set out for/ 7- workers - employees/ 8- traditionally - normally/
9- spend - use/ 10- focus - concentrate

- Phrase Match
1- One of the biggest shopping - days of the year/ 2- offer discounts of - up to 70 per cent/
3- the bargains went on sale at one minute past midnight/
4- worried about shoppers getting - crushed in the crowds/ 5- enter and - exit the stores safely/
6- shoppers in the UK were happy - to head to the shops/
7- traditionally a time for people to spend - with their family/ 8- more than - 114.000 likes/
9- there are over 60 petitions - on the website/ 10- a bigger focus on family - instead of profits

- Spelling
1- bargain/ 2- discouns/ 3- traditionally/ 4- midnight/ 5- crushed/ 6- safely/ 7- celebration/
8- employees/ 9- Boycott/ 10- petitions/ 11- focus/ 12- profits

- Speaking - Sales
  computer/ mobile phone/ Tv/ clothes/ furniture/ games/ jewelley/ flowers

* VOCABULARY
has brought= ha traido/ huge= enorme/ on sale= en venta/ crushed= aplastado/ crowd= multitud/
store staff= personal de tienda/ sale-goers= compradores/ while= mientras/ least use= menos útil
to head= dirigirse, estar a la cabeza/ day early= dia antes/ boycott= boicot/ instead of= en lugar de

* HOMEWORK
- Fotocopia 21-12-17. Comparatives
- Fotocopias Pag.20. 3A Grammar comparatives and superlatives
- Thursday Writting about transport's Bilbao














 

COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES (ADJECTIVES & ADVERBS)

21 de noviembre 2017
* CORRECTION WORKHOME
- GRAMMAR BOOK. Pag. 25- 26. Grammar 6 Present Perfect
1) 1- Have you cut yourself?/ 2- I have had a headache ever since lunchtime/
    3- Nadia has never seen any Chinese films/ 4- Someone has stolen Mr. Grant's bike/
    5- The passengers are tired because they haven't slept all night/
    6- I'm afraid we have just broken your window. Sorry!/
    7- David hasn't won a prize this time, I'm afraid/ 8- Have you ever eaten Spanish food?

2) 1- We've been married for 25 wonderful years!/  2- I've been on holiday to Australia/
    3- I've written 23 letters!/ 4- I've never eaten snails before/
    5- I've loved you since the day we met!/ 6- Oh no! I've broken my pencil!

3) 1- Luis has lived in the city centre since 1996/
    2- Thanks for the present! I've always wanted a pet goldfish!/
    3- Have you ever drunk pineapple juice?/ 4- I've just heard some fantastic news!/
    5- Haven't you finished yet?/ 6- Nina has worked in this company for five years/
    7- I've never been on a big ship before /
    8- We're very busy today. So far we've sold over a hundred bikes/
    9- I've often passed this building/ 10- I've already read this one

4) 1- We've worked here for three years/ 2- I've never been on a plane before/
    3- That's strange! it has disappeared!/ 4- Nicky and Ian have left this school/
    5- I've just seen a friend of yours/ 6- I haven't finished reading my notes yet/
    7- Have you been to South America before?/ 8- Oh no! I've left my wallet in the car/
    9- We haven't spoken to your sister for a long time/ 10- Has Ana woken-got up yet?

* STATIVE  VERBS
- Los stative verbs solo se usan en tiempos simples (present simple & past simple) , y no se
  utilizan en tiempos continuous (present continuous & past continuous).
   A menudo los stative verbs describen acerca de si nos agrada o desagrada  algo y acerca de
   estados de pensamiento. Nunca para en frases de acción
  Los dynamic verbs son los el resto de verbs que no son stative, y se utilizan en frases de acción.

- Algunos verbos pueden ser a la vez stative verbs y dynamic verbs
  - TO BE: generalmente es un stative verb, pero cuando se usa en la forma continua (present 
    continuous & past continuous significa creer algo, comportarse como o actuar como
    Ej: you are stupid= es una parte de tu personalidad
          you are being stupid= es solo ahora, no generalmente. Está comportandose como

  - TO HAVE: es stative verb cuando tiene el significado de tener, poseer y es dynamic cuando 
    forma parte de una expresión
     Ej: I have a car = poseer, tener = stative verb
           I'm having a party/ a picnic = forma parte de una expresion = dynamic verb

- TO SEE: es stative verb cuando hace referencia a lo que ves con los ojos y a lo que entiendes
                  es dynamic verb cuando hace referencia a encontrarse o ver a alguien
                                             cuando se tiene una relación con una persona
   Ej: I see her now = referencia a ver con los ojos = stative verb
         I've been seeing my boyfriend for three years = referencia a una relación = dynamic verb
         I'm seeing Robert tomorrow = referencia de reunirse con alguien = dynamic verb

- TO TASTE (también TO SMELL, FEEL, LOOK) es stative verb cuando hace referencia al
   sabor tiene de algo
         Es dynamic verb cuando se refiere a la accion de saborear algo
   Ej: This soup tastes great = hace referencia a como sabe = stative verb
         The chef is tasting the soup = hace referencia a la acción de saborear algo= dynamic verb

- TO THINK: es stative verb cuando hace referencia a expresar una opinion
                        es dynamic verb cuando hace referencia a algo que estamos pensando o tenemos
                            en la cabeza
   Ej: I think that coffee is great = hace referencia a una opinión = sative verb
         I'm thinking about my nex holiday = hace referencia a algo que pasa por la cabeza= dynamic verb

* BOOK FOR SPEAKERS OF SPANISH. Pag.5. Comparatives and superlatives: adjectives and adverbs
- Los comparativos de adjetivos de una sola sílaba se forman añadiendo -er al final del mismo
  Ej: The other car is cheaper               /  The other car is MORE CHEAP (INCORRECT)
        Spain is bigger than Germany     /  Spain is more big than Germany (INCORRECT)

- Recuerda que TAN... COMO    es      AS ... AS      en Inglés
  Ej: Spain is almost as big as France               /  Spain is almost so big as France (INCORRECT)
       There aren't  as many people as last year  /  There aren't so many people (INCORRECT)
       You can go as often as you want               /  You can go how often like you want (INCORRECT)

- Recuerda que IGUAL QUE     es     THE SAME AS  en Inglés
  Ej: Your camera is the same as mine!   /   Your camera is the same than mine! (INCORRECT)

- Recuerda usar OBJECT PRONOUNS (me, you, it, him, her, us, them) después de THAN ó AS
  Ej: My sisters are older than me  /  My sisters are older than I   (INCORRECT)
        He's as clever as hr               /   He's as clever as she             (INCORRECT)

- Recuerda usar adverbios cuando comparas dos acciones
  Ej: Can you speak a bit more slowly?  /   Can you speak a bit more slow?   (INCORRECT)

- Recuerda usar -EST ó MOST + ADJECTIVE para describir como lo MAS o MEJOR que hay
  Ej: The most comfortable way to travel in Spain is the AVE
        The more comfortable way to travel in Spain is the AVE (INCORRECT)

- Después de un superlativo se utiliza IN antes de un lugar, NUNCA  OF
  Ej: Avila is the highest provincial capital in Spain /  Avila is the highest provincial of Spain 

* STUDENT'S BOOK. Pag. 26. 3A - 4 LISTENING
a) 1- What's the quietest way to get across London?/ 2- Driving is more boring than going by train/
    3- The boat was nearly as fast as the bike/
    4- Oxford is the same distance from London as Brighton/
    5- There aren't as many trains as there were before on this line/
    6- It was the most exciting journey I've ever had/
    7- The worst time of ay to travel in London between 7.30 a.m. and 9.30 a.m./
    8- woman drive more carefully than men

* STUDENT'S BOOK. Pag.136 Grammar Bank 3A.Comparatives and superlatives.Adj and Advs.
- Usamos los adjetivos comparativos para comparar dos personas, sitios, cosas, etc. y pueden ser:
   - Adjetivos comparativos regulares:
    old= older  /  big= bigger/  easy= easier / modern= more modern / difficult= more difficult
   - Adjetivos comparativos irregulares:
    good= better  / bad= worse  /  far= further
  - Adjetivos de una sola sílaba que terminan en -ed:
    bored= more bored /  stressed= more stressed /  tired= more tired

- Usamos para hacer comparaciones la expresión  (not) as + adjective + as
  Ej: the new sofa isn't as comfortable as the old / the new sofa is as comfortable as the old
                                     │           │        │                                         │        │           │
                                    AS  Adjective   AS                                     AS   Adjective   AS

- Usamos object pronoun después de THAN ó AS o un subject pronoun
   Ej: She's taller than me /  She's taller than I am /  She's taller than I (INCORRECT)

- Usamos THE SAME AS para decir que dos personas, cosas, lugares, etc son identicos
   Ej: Her dress is the same as mine  /  Her dress is the same than mine (INCORRECT)

- Usamos para comparar dos acciones los adverbios comparativos y pueden ser:
   - Adverbios comparativos regulares:
      fast= faster  /  slowly= more slowly    /   carefully= more carefully
   - Adverbios irregulares:
      well= better  /  badlly= worse
   -  Usamos la expresion para hacer comparaciones  (not) as +  adverbio  + as
       Ej; Max doesn't speak English as well as his wife does/   I don't earn as much as my boss
                                                        │     │  │                                               │     │   │
                                                      AS  Adv AS                                          AS  Adv  AS

+ Utilizamos los adjetivos y adverbios superlativos para comparar personas, cosas o acciones         con todo de su grupo.
   - Para formar superlativos como comparativos, utilizamos: la terminación -est  NO -er
                                                                                                       most / least   NO   more / less
      Ej: Kevin is the tallest player in the team  NO  Kevin is the taller player (INCORRECT)
            Oslo is the most expensive capital in Europe NO Oslo is the more expensive capital in Europe
            The small bag is the least expensive  NO  The small bag is the less expensive

   -  Utilizamos THE antes de los superlativos, pero también se pueden usar Adjetivos posesivos
      Ej: Lucy is the best student in the class  /   my best friend   /   their most famous song

   - A menudo se utiliza un superlativo con el present perfect + ever
     Ej: It's the best book I've ever read
 
   - Después de los adverbios y adjetivos superlativos  usamos IN NUNCA  OF
      Ej: It's the best beach  in England  /  It's the best beach of England  (INCORRECT)
            It's the longest bridge in the world  /  It's the longest bridge of the world (INCORRECT)

* STUDENT'S BOOK. Pag. 136 3A exercices
a) 1- I think skiing is easier than horse-riding/ 2- A motorbike is more powerful than a scooter/
    3-I think that travelling by train is the most relaxing form of transport/
    4- You walk more slowly than I do/ 5- The worst time to travel is on holiday weekends/
    6- The furthest than I've ever driven is from London to Edinburgh/
    7- The London underground is older than the subway in New York/
    8- This is the hottest coach I've ever been on/ 9- Of all my family my mum is the best driver

b) 1- A coach isn't as comfortable as a train/ 2- It's the most expensive car we've ever bought/
    3- The traffic was worse than we expected/ 4- This is the longest journey I've ever been on/
    5- He gets home late, but his wife arrives later than him/
    6- The most interesting place I've ever visited is Venice/
    7- I leave home at the same time as my brother/
    8- He drives more carefully than his girlfriend/
    9- We don't go abroad as often as we used to/ 10- What's the longest motorway in the UK?

- ANNOTATIONS
as much = uncountable   / as many= countable  / same as= igual que/ as often= con tanta frecuencia

* FOTOCOPIA 21/11/17
a) 1- Your bicycle is faster than mine!/ 2- It's much hotter than it was yesterday, isn't it?/
    3- I think you look prettier when you wear your hair up/
    4- They're a lot more expensive than last time/ 5- He's got a lot worse/
    6- His new film is much more entertaining than his last one/
    7- Tell us another jok- but a shortter one this time!/ 8- Mabe I'll be more lucky next time/
    9- The Russian athlete threw the discus further than all the others and won gold/
   10- I think these biscuits are even nicer than the last ones you made!

* STUDENT'S BOOK. Pag. 26. 3A. 5 Pronunciation
b) 1- I think that is more dangerous  cycling than driving a car/
    2- I think than is easier learning to drive than learning to ride a horse/
    3- I think that flying is more relaxing  than driving/
    4- I think that is more difficult sleeping on a train than sleeping on a car/
    5- I think that waiting at an airport is boring

- ANNOTATION
A menudo enlazamos las palabras en inglés, generalmente cuando hablamos rápido

6 Listening
a) I usually when I driving l'm listening my favourite music

b) I think the most dangerous is 1 sending or receiving text messages, 2 talking on a mobile,
    3 setting or adjusting a satnav
    1- Sending or receiving text messages/ 2- Setting or adjusting a sat nav/
    3- doing your hair or putting on make-up/ 4- talking on a mobile/ 5- eating or drinking/
    6- listening to your favourite music/ 7- listening to music you don't know

c) 1- you need to use both hands/ 2- you take off eyes on the road/ 3- you're lookin on the mirror/
    4- you driving more slowly and the control of the car is worse/
    5- you use the steering wheel only with one hand/
    6- you drive faster and more slowly, it depend the music/ 7- it does not distract you from the road

* VOCABULARY
hazardous= peligroso/ carry on= continua/ steering wheel= volante/
double your change= duplica la posibilidad/ loud= alto volumen/
got through a red light= saltarse un semaforo en rojo/safest= lo más seguro

- HOMEWORK
- Grammar book: Pag. 150-154


   






     
                                                                 

Money & Transport

16 de noviembre de 2017
* CORRECTION WORKHOME
* GRAMMAR BOOK. Pag. 224. 7 Vocabulary Money and shopping
1) 1- second -hand/ 2- can't afford it/ 3- pay you back/ 4- save up/ 5- in debt/ 6- annual income/
    7- in a sale/ 8- to well of/

2) 1- pocket money/ 2- cash desk/ 3- department store/ 4- bookshop/ 5- cut price/ 6- shop assistant/
    7- credit card/ 8- carrier bag

3) 1- Dora earns/ 2- for a raise in their wages/ 3- Paul borrowed some money/ 4- only cash/
    5- by cheque/ 6- you still have the receipt/ 7- do you have change?/ 8- I still owe the bank

4) 1- I'll leave it/ 2- we're out of stock at the moment/ 3- sorry, we only accept cash or cheques/
    4- I'm just looking/ 5- How would you like to pay?/ 6- Not at all, madam. It's a pleasure/
    7- How much is it?/ 8- Could you explain how it works?

5) 1- a packet of biscuits/ 2- a tube of toothpaste/ 3- a tin of tomatoes/ 4- a carton of milk/
    5- a box of tissues/ 6- a bar of chocolate/ 7- a bunch of bananas/ 8- a loaf of bread

6) 1- go shopping/ 2- street markets/ 3- looking for bargains/ 4- looking at each stall/
    5- asking about prices/ 6- many goods in sale/ 7- are less expensive than/
    8- the quality is not always as good/ 9- you want to spend/ 10- are often cheaper/
   11- to try them on/ 12- it's always worth looking at/ 13- you can save/ 14- usually good value/
   15- lots of heavy bags

* VOCABULARY
second-hand= de segunda mano/ can't afford= no poder permitirselo/
pay you back= devolverte el dinero/ save up= ahorrar/ in debt= en deuda/
annual income= ingresos anuales/ in a sale= en rebajas/ be well-off= adinerado, pudiente/
cut price= precio rebajado/ carrier bag= bolsa para transportar algo/
pocket money= asignación monetaria/ cash desk= mostrador de caja en una tienda/ bookshop=libreria/ department store= grandes almacenes/ shop assistant= vendedor, dependiente/ credit card= tarjeta de crédito/ to borrow= pedir prestado, tomar a préstamo/
cash= dinero en efectivo/ cheque= cheque bancario/ receipt= recibo, comprobante de una compra/
wages= salarios/ change= cambio (dinero suelto)/ owe= tener una deuda, estar deudor/
explain= explicar/ tube= tubo (tipo de envase)/ tin= lata ( tipo de envase)/
bar= barra, tableta, pastillla/ carton= tetrabrick (tipo de envase)/ bunch= manojo, racimo, ramo/
loaf= hogaza, rebanada/ to wander= deambular/ to spend= gastar/ to save= ahorrar/
bargains=  gangas, ocasión de comprar/ stall= puesto, caseta en un mercado/
goods= productos, articulos/ spend= gastar/ cheaper= más barato/ try on= probarse (ropa)/
worth=  digno de su valor/ save= ahorrar/ value= valor (sobre el precio de algo)/ heavy= pesado/

- STUDENT'S BOOK. Pag.155 Transport
1 a) 6- carriage/ 2- coach/ 7- lorry/ 3-motorway/ 1- platform/ 8- scooter/ 4- the underground/ 9- tram/
       5- van

2 a) 1- car crash/ 2- cycle lane/ 3- parking fine/ 4- pedestrian zone/ 5- petrol station/ 6- road works/
       7- rush hour/ 8- seat belt/ 9- speed camera/ 10- speed limit/ 11- taxi rank/ 12- traffic lights/
     13- traffic jam/ 14- zebra crossing

*  ANNOTATIONS
- Nombres compuestos son dos sustantivos juntos, el primer sustantivo describe al segundo
   Ej: child seat = asiento de niño/ bus stop= parada de autobus

- En los nombres compuestos el primer nombre es pronunciado con mayor fuerza que el segundo

* STUDENT'S BOOK. Pag. 155. Transport
3) 1- It takes me about forty minutes to get to school when I've been walking to there
     2- It takes me  about ten minutes to get from my house to Indautxu square

- Usamos la expresión take (+person)+ time (+ to get to) para hablar de la duracion de un viaje
  Ej: It takes me more that an hour to get to work

- Frases verbales realacionadas con el transporte y los viajes
  set off= partir, salir de viaje / pick me up= recogerme (de un sitio)/
  ended up = terminar o encontrarte en un sitio o situacion que tu no esperabas/
  watch out!/ look out!= poner atencion o tener cuidado con algo que genera peligro o una situación
                                         adversa)
  running out of= terminar las existencias de algo (gasolina, etc.)

* VOCABULARY
carriage= vagón de tren/ coach= autobús de larga distancia/ lorry= camión/ motorway= autopista/
platform= andén/ scooter= ciclomotor/ the underground= metro/ tram= tranvia/ van= furgoneta/
car crash= accidente de coche/ cycle lane= carril bici/ parking fine= multa de aparcamiento/
pedrestian zone= zona peatonal/ petrol station= gasolinera, estación de servicio/
road works= arreglo de carretera, obras viales/ rush hour= hora punta/
seat belt= cinturón de seguridad (en el coche)/ speed camera= radar de velocidad/
speed limit= límite de velocidad/ taxi rank= parada de taxis/ traffic lights= semáforo/
traffic jam= atásco de tráfico, embotellamiento/ zebra crossing= paso de cebra

* STUDENT'S BOOK. Pag. 24. 3A Race across London
2 Pronunciation
b) (ƒ) crash/ station/ rush -  (dz) bridge/ journey/ traffic jam  - (tƒ) adventure/ catch/ coach

d) (ƒ) se pronuncia en palabras con sh (show, dishwasher, selfish, cash)
                                                         ti + vocal ( ambitious, explanation)
                                                         ci + vocal (spacious, sociable)
                 y en las palabras (sugar, sure, machine, chef)

    (dz) se pronuncia en palabras con j (jealous, just)
                                                          g (generous, manager)
                                                      dge (fridge, judge)

   (tƒ) se pronuncia en palabras con ch (change, cheat)
                                                        tch (pitch, match)
                                                   t +ure (picture, future)

e) 1- jeep/ 2- chain/ 3- joke/ 4- chip/ 5- shoes/ 6- watch

g) 1- Do you like chips?/ 2- I'm going to wash it/3- you choose/ 4- Don't joke about it/ 5- Is it cheap?

3 Reading & Listening
a) 1- They have to go from Kew Bridge in the south-west of London to London City Airport.
         the race is finished at the check-in desk at Airport

    2- There are a bike, a car, a motorboat and public transport
    3- I think the fastest is by a bike, because it can go through the traffic
    4- I think the order will be: second a motorboat, third car and fourth public transport

b) No, the car gets a traffic jam, then the third will be the public transport and fourth the car

c) 1- James was asked to show a piece of paper/
    2- Jeremy went much faster in the later part of his journey/3- Richard nearly did something illegal/
    4- James went more slowly in the later part of his journey/
    5- Richard was happy to see that there was a lot of traffic/ 6- James got slightly lost/
    7- James had the most exciting journey

d) turned round= dar la vuelta/ was ahead of= estaba a la cabeza de, estaba por delante de/ 
    reached= alcanzó/ crash into= chocar con, estrellarse con/
    turned red= encenderse rojo, volverse rojo (un semáforo)/ get stuck= atascarse/
    getting worse= empeorando, ir a peor

f) Please mind the gap between the train and the platform.
   Next station is Monument. Change here for the Central line ante Docklands Light Railway

g) My partner thinks the order will be: bike, motorboat, car, public transport
    They arrived: first bike, second motorboat, third public transport, and the last the car
    Clarkson was annoyed because the program it's about car and the car came last

h) In my city there are the underground, bus, taxi, tram, funicular, bikes. transport bridge
    I think they would arrive in: first the bike, the car, and the last public transport

* VOCABULARY
race across=  carrera a través de/ Oyster card= tarjeta de transporte público/
overground train= tren de superficie/ set off= parte, ponerse en camino/
was confusing= estaba confuso, mal señalizado/ realized= se dió cuenta/
turned round= darse la vuelta, volverse/ football ground= campo de fútbol/
was ahead of= estaba en cabeza, estaba por delante/ reached= alcanzó/
crash into= chocar con, estrellarse con/ turned red= volverse rojo/ delighted= encantado/
get stuck= atascarse, quedarse parado/ steady speed=  velocidad constante/
permit= permiso/ valuable= valioso, importante/ getting worse= ir a peor, empeorando/
frustating= frustante/ got slightly lost= casi se perdio, se perdió un poco/ annoyed= enfadado/
has beaten= ser vencido, ser golpeado/ transporter bridge= puente colgante, puente transportador

* STUDENT'S BOOK. Pag. 104. I'm a tourist - can you help me?
1- There are many kinds: the underground, taxi, bus, bicycle
2-  The best way is by bus, there are buses from all the places in the city
3- Yes, there is a public hire in Bilbao. Yes, there are plenty cycles lanes in Bilbao
4- Yes, it's very easy, and the taxis aren't more expensives in Bilbao
5- The best way to get to the airport is to take a taxi.
     It takes about twenty minutes from the town centre

* HOMEWORK
- Grammar Book Pag. 25.26.27
  Fotocopias stative verbs - Study










     

Present perfect / Present perfect continous / Present simple/ Past simple

9 de noviembre de 2017
* GRAMMAR Pag. 27
- PRESENT PERFECT 2
Present Perfect Continous: forma
Para el present perfect continous con el present pefect del verbo BE + verbo + ING
Ej.: I 've been waiting here all morning
           │   │       │
Pres Perf  AUX  Verb. ING

     What have you been doing lately
                │              │       │
         Pres Perf      AUX   Verb+ING

     I haven't been sleeping well recenttly
             │        │         │
   Pres Perf   AUX   Verb+ING

- Present perfect continous: significado
Usamos el present perfect continuous para:
1- Hablar de hechos pasados los cuales están todavia vigentes en el presente, 
     pero con una acción o situación que todavia está ocurriendo
Ej: What have you been doing lately? / I've been working a lot /How long have you been living here?

2- Para enfatizar la duración del tiempo de la acción. 
    Cubre un periodo de tiempo hasta el momento actual.
Ej: I've been waiting here all morning   /   I've been feeling ill for weeks

3- Para enfatizar que la acción es temporal
Ej: I've been staying in a hotel for the past month

4- Para describir acciones repetidas una y otra vez
Ej: I've been phoning her for days, but she's never at home

5- Cuando acabamos de terminar una acción o esa acción toda continua realizandose
Ej: I've been working hard all morning. Now I'm going to have a rest  (acción terminada)
      I've been reading a good book lately                                                (acción terminada)

- Present perfect continous + time expressions
Las expresiones de tiempo que utilizamos con el present perfect continous a menudo son:
  all day,  all morning,  for days,  for ages,  lately,  recently,  since,  for

- Present perfect o present perfect continous?
Con los verbos LIVE, WORK se puede utilizar igualmente los dos tiempos
Ej: I've worked / been working here for two years  -  I've lived/been living here for two years

El presente perfect hace referencia al resultado y el present perfect continous a la accion misma
Ej; I've written that report for Jackie. It didn't take long                       (resultado terminado)
     I've been writting that report for Jackie and I still haven't finished  (acción )

Si damos detalles de cuanto ó cuantos NUNCA present perfect continous
Ej: I've written four emails   /   I've done a lot of cooking and cleaning this afternoon

- Present simple o Present perfect?
El present simple describe hábitos o situaciones en el presente,
                                  pero el present perfect describe un tiempo pasado hasta el momento actual
Ej: I live in Prague (una situación permante, yo siempre vivo alli)
      I've lived in Prague for two years  (Llegué a Praga hace dos años y todavia vivo allí)

- Past simple o Present perfect?
El past simple hace referencia a un evento en un periodo de tiempo ya terminado.
Present perfect se utiliza para un periodo de tiempo pasado y continua hasta el momento actual
Ej: I lived in Prague in the nineties      (ahora yo vivo en algun otro lado)
     I 've lived in Prague since the ninerties ( Yo todavia vivo alli)

La elección del tiempo utilizad  depende si enfocamos la atención al pasado o al presente
Ej: I had an umbrella, I left it on the bus (hace referencia a un hecho distante en mi mente)
      Oh no! I've left my on umbella on the bus  (el hecho está presente en mi mente)

- Have been y have gone
Se utiliza have been para un lugar, si hemos ido a un sitio y tenemos que volver de alli ahora
                have gonna para un lugar, si hemos ido a un sitio pero no volvemos de ese lugar
Ej: Melissa has been to China   (y ella tiene que regresar)
     Melissa has gonna to China (y ella todavia está allí)

- ANNOTATIONS
Present Perfect  ----   He estado       /   Past simple ----   Estuve

Stative Verbs to BE, HAVE, KNOW, LIKE, WANT  ----  Present perfect simple

Action Verbs to WRITE, RUN, DO, MAKE, LISTEN  -- Present perfect continous

Cuando el significado del verbo HAVE  es diferente de poseer se convierte en ACTION VERB
 y por lo tanto se utilizaria con present perfect continous 

* CORRECTION HOMEWORK
- FOTOCOPIAS Pag. 19. 2B GRAMMAR present perfet + for/ since - Present perfect continous
a) 1- H's been cooking/ 2- She's been playing the violin since she got up this morning/
    3- Melanie hasn't been feeling well since last week. She has flu/
    4- You've been looking at her for hours. Go and talk to her!/
    5- Your face looks like a tomato! What have you been doing?/
    6- Tim's been reading the instructions for hours

b) 1- How long has he been waiting to speak to someone? He's been waiting for half an hour/
    2- How long have you been working here? I've been working here for three months now/
    3- How long have you been going out with Rob? We've been going out since we left school/
    4- How long has Penny been single? I think she's been single since she broke up with Paul/
    5- How long have you had your driving licence? I've had it for ten years/
    6- How long has Pete been trying to find a job? He's been trying to find a job since he left
       the university last year, but no luck!/
    7- How long has your sister wanted to be a doctor? She's wanted to be a doctor since she was
      seven years old/
    8- How long have you know Terry? I've known him for years. He's an old friend of the family

* STUDENT'S BOOK. Pag. 21. 6 VOCABULARY & PRONUNCIATION
a) 1- Yes, he was furious/ 2- Is Oliver's flat small?/ 3- Are you affraid of flying?/
    4- Was the food nice?/ 5- Are youvery hungry?/ 6- Is your parents' house big?/
    7- Was it cold in Moscow?/ 8- Was Jack's kitchen dirty?/
    9- Are your parents happy about the wedding?/ 10- Was the film funny?/
   11- Are you sure you  locked the door?/ 12- Were you surprised to hear that Ted is getting married?

b) angry - furious / small - tiny / affraid - terrified / niece - delicious / hungry - starving /
    big - enormous / cold - freezing / dirty - filthy / happy - delighted / funny - hilarious /
    sure - positive / surprised - amazed

d) 1- I went to Canary Islands and the water in pool's hotel was absolutely freezing/
    2- Yes, when the ciclyst have been running in the sidewalk it make I furious/
    3- Yes, I hate snakes I'm terrrified by them/
    4- I eaten Brittish' cake,  it was delicious/ Yes, there are a comedy called Here isn't possible to live
        it's absolutely hilarious

* STUDENT'S BOOK. Pag. 114. Writting an informal email
a) 1- She apologizes for not writting before/
    2- She thanks them for her stay and says how much she enjoyed it/
    3- She talks about the nice things that happened when she was with them/
    4- She talks about what she's been doing recently/ 5- She promises to send some photos/
    6- She thanks them again and invites them to stay

b) 1- I've been busy/ 2- English/ 3- don't/ 4- trip/ 5- being/ 6- to buy/ 7- messages/ 7- I'll send /

- ANNOTATIONS
Lenguaje conveniente para hacer emails informales:
Comienzo
Hi+ name (o Dear+ name si tu quieres ser un poco más formal)
Sorry for not writting ealier, but...
Thanks you/ Thanks (so much) for (your letter, having me to stay, etc)
It was feat to hear from you
Final
That's all for now
Hope to hear from you soon/ Lookinf forwart to hearing from you soon
(Give my) regards / love to
Best wishes / Love (from)
PS ( cuando tu quieres añadir un corto mensaje al final del email. I've attached a photo

* HOMEWORK 
- Grammar Book. Pag. 29 - 31
- Thursday Writting an informal email as Pag. 114. STUDENT'S BOOK

PRESENT PERFECT ¬¬ PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS

7 de noviembre de 2017
* STUDENT'S BOOK. Pag. 19
2 GRAMMAR. Present perfect + for/since, present perfect continous
a) 1- B/ 2- C/ 3- A

b) 1 - b - a period of time from the past until now
    2 - The first two questions the form ver are present perfect and the third question is
          present perfect continous

* STUDENT'S BOOK. Pag, 135. Grammar Bank 2B. 
   Present perfect + for/since, present perfect continous
                PRESENT PERFECT (AVpart.)= auxiliar + Verbo en pasado participio)

- ESTRUCTURA GRAMATIAL PRESENT PERFECT (AVpart)
 You have had that bag since 2010 / You haven't had that bag since 2010 / How long have you had..?
          │      │                                               │        │                                                         │           │
      AUX  Verbo participio                         AUX   Verbo participio                         AUX  Verbo part

- Usamos el present perfect + for/ since con NON-ACTION VERBS (like, have, know, etc.)
  cuando nos referimos a una acción que comienza en el pasado y continua hasta este momento
  Ej: They've known each other for ten years

- Usamos How long...? + present perfect para preguntar acerca de un periodo de tiempo que 
  aun no ha terminado
   Ej: How long has your brother had his motorbike?

- Usamos for + un periodo de tiempo.      Usamos since + un punto concreto de tiempo
   Ej: for two weeks                                     Ej: since 1990
   For siempre para un periodo de tiempo sin concretar el punto donde comienza ese periodo
   Since siempre para referirnos a un punto o desde un punto concreto que se realiza la acción

- NUNCA  PRESENT SIMPLE + FOR / SINCE
   Ej: They know each other for a long time    They've known other for a long time

    PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS  (APV+Ing)= auxiliar+Participio + Infinitivo + ing)

- Usamos el PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS + for / since con ACTION VERBS (learn,
   work, go, etc.) para referirnos a acciones que comenzaron en el pasado y continuan en el 
   momento actual
   Ej: Nick has been working here since April

- NUNCA PRESENT CONTINOUS + FOR / SINCE
   Ej: I am working here for two years     I've been working here for two years

- Usamos PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS cuando nos referimos a una ACTIVIDAD 
  TERMINADA RECIENTEMENTE y no hacemos referencia al tiempo. 
  Aunque la actividad está acabada vemos el resultado en el momento actual
  Ej: I've just been cleaning the car / It's been snowing

- Usamos PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS para referirnos a actividades repetidas que
  comienzan en el pasado y continuan repitiendose hasta el momento actual
  Ej: I've been going to Spain on holiday every year since 1987

- Usamos PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS para preguntar y responder cuestiones que
  hace referencia a la duración de una actividad
  Ej: How long have you been waiting for me?  I've been waiting for about ten minutes

- ESTRUCTURA GRAMATICAL PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS (APV+Ing)
    I have been working here    / I haven't been working here  /  How long have I been working here?
        │       │        │                         │         │         │                                     │        │         │
    AUX  PART INF+ing              AUX  PART   INF+ing                       AUX  PART   INF+ing

- IMPORTANTE:
  los verbos WORK y LIVE se utilizan igualmente en present perfect perfect y present perfect 
  continous teniendo el mismo significado
  Ej: I've lived here since 1982   /   I've been living here since 1982

* STUDENT'S BOOK. Pag. 135. Exercises
a) 1- We've had our new flat since six months /
    2- Hi Jackie! How are you? I haven't seen you for ages!/
    3- How long have you know your husband?/ 4- Emily has been a volunteer for ten years ago/
    5- Paul hasn't eaten anything since yesterday because he's ill/
    6- It hasn't been raining since two months/ 7- How long have your parents married?/
    8- They've have their dog since they got married/
    9- I haven't had any emails from my brother for last Christmas/
  10- My grandmother has lived in the same house all her life

b) 1- We've know each other since we were children/
    2- The children have been playing computer games for two hours/
    3- Has your sister have been having that hairstyle for a long time?/
    4- I've loved her since the firts day we met/
    5- My internet connection hasn't been working since yesterday/
    6- how long have you been waiting?/ 7- I have been a teacher for three years/
    8- It has been snowing since five o'clock this morning/
    9- Sam hasn't been studying enougth for recently/
   10- Have you been living in London for a long time?

- ANNOTATION
    FOR = desde hace      /        SINCE =  desde

* STUDENT'S BOOK. Pag. 19. 3 PRONUNCIATION
a) 1- How long have you been learning French? 2- I've been learning French for three years/
    3- How long has it been raining? 4- It's been raining since lunchtime/
    5- How long have you been waiting?/ 6- I've been waiting for half and hour

d) 1- It's snowing - How long has it been snowing?/
    2- I'm learning Russian - How long have you been learning Russian?/
    3- Susan has been working in Italy - How long has Susan been working in Italy?/
    4- John is looking for a job - How long has John been looking for a job?/
    5- They're living with Mary's parents - How long  have they been living with Mary's parents?/
    6- I'm going to salsa classes - How long have you been going to salsa classes?/
    7- It's raining - How long has it been raining? /
    8- Justin is going out with Britney - How long has Justin been going out with Britney?

4 SPEAKING
a) 1- I've used Facebook since 2015/ 2- My close friend is Jesus, I've known him since primary/
    3- I like to see motorbikes races/ 4- I've had my car for three years/
    5- I've lived in my flat for ten years/ 6- I always like to go to eat at Kasko's/
    7- My laptop is very importan for me since I've bougth it/
    8- I've member of biker's association for fifteen years/ 9- I've learnt English for three years

b) 1- Why have you been using since 2015?/ 2- How long have Jesus been your close friend?/
    3- How long have you been seeing motorcycles races?/ 4- Why did you buy that car?/
    5- Have you made works in your house?/
    6- Why have you been going to eat at that restaurant always?/
    7- How long have you been having that laptop?/ 8- Why did you associate in that club?/
    9- Why have you been learning English?

5 READING & LISTENING
a) Yes, In my country there are several associations to raise money,  I like specially,  one of them,
    it is a new association created by the Fito singer. He has been raising money for cancer's children.
    Yes, I taken part in that event, I bought a ticket for a raffle that was organizated for him
    I raised 20 euros to buy 4 tickets, but I didn't win the raffle.

b) 1- Helen Skelton  went down the Amazon from Peru to Brasil/
    2- She completed Ultra-Marathon in Namibia/
    3- The most dangerous was that there are no roads, no towns, only rainforest and the river/
    4- Helen has only been kayaking once before in her life

c) she went the wrong way/ she could get shick/ she could fall out the kayak

d) 1- I'm already behind/ 2-  It's absolutely boiling/ 3- I was exhausted/ 4- do you want give up/
    5- The river is incredibly wide/ 6- It looks like melted chocolate/
    7- I paddle for at least ten hours/ 8- It's boring a times/ 9- Ihaven't been feeling/
   10- I was feeling shick

e) Yes, she managed to finish, he arrived to Brazil after 3,200 km

f) Phone Call 4
1- Her I-Pod is broken/ 2- She's been looking the sky, and she's counted countries in her head/
3- Because she's superstitious, she had still a very long way to go

Phone Call 5
4- The mosquitoes, they bited her/
5- she paddled in the middle of a group of dolphins, she saw enormous butterflies, iguanas and
    vultures which fly above her in big groups/
6- Because this adventure is coming to an end

Phone Call 6
7- She did 3.200 km/ 8- The journey lasted 6 weeks/ 9- She has missed her dog Barney/
10- She's going to do will be to pick her dog up and take him for a nice long walk

g) My exciting experience has been to do a trip from Bilbao to Norway by motorbike.
    It was a positive experience I met to many people and I visited several countries

* LANGUAGE PRACTICE
- 6 GRAMMAR. Present Perfect 1
FORMA DEL PRESENT PERFECT
El Present Perfect se forma con el auxiliar del verbo have/has y el pasado participio.

POSITIVE
        I have decided to leave tomorrow (v. regular)          Sue has sent an email to Lucy (v. irregular)
             │         │                                                                      │     │
         AUX    Past participle                                              AUX   Past participle   

QUESTIONS
       Have you decided  yet? (v. regular)                          Has  she   left yet?  (v. irregular)
            │   │      │                                                              │    │      │
       AUX  Subj  Past participle                                 AUX Subj  Past participle

NEGATIVE
      Sue has not sent an email to Lucy (v. regular)       She hasn't sent an email to Lucy (v. irregular) 
                │         │                                                                 │       │
       AUX neg.   Past participle                                  AUX neg.  Past participle

SIGNIFICADO DEL PRESENT PERFECT
Se utiliza para describir eventos realizados en el pasado y que siguen conectados con el presente
La acción ocurre un periodo de tiempo hasta el presente y no conocemos el momento exacto en que ocurrió
Lo usamos para describir:
1- Experiencias en nuestra vida. 
     Ej. : Have you ever visited any other countries? (desde un pasado hasta el momento actual)
             I've been to Italy and France  (no decimos la fecha en que hemos hecho la accion)
              I went to Italy and France in 2006 (al decir una fecha concreta se utiliza past simple)

2- Un hecho acontecido en el pasado y los resultados continúan en el momento presente
     Ej.: Helen has broken her pencil  (se rompió y continúa roto)
            I've hurt my foot

3-  No hay una expresión de tiempo porque cuando ocurrió la acción no es lo importante, 
     nuestra atención está en el presente
     Ej.: I've hurt my foot (present perfect)    /   I hurt my foot last week  (past simple)

4- La situación comienza en el pasado y continua hasta el presente
     Ej: I've lived here for ten years  (he vivido pero a dia de hoy sigo viviendo)
              (hay una expresión de tiempo que describe cuanto o como a menudo algo ha ocurrido)

5- Cuando se hace referencia el número de cosas terminadas hasta ahora y no se menciona un
    tiempo exacto en que se ha realizado la acción
    Ej: I've read 100 pages of this book (no menciona el tiemplo empleado en la acción)

EXPRESIONES DE TIEMPO
- never / ever cuando hablamos de nuestras experiencias en la vida
    Ej: Have you ever eaten Japanese food?  ----    ever    siempre en frases interrogativas
          No, I've never eaten it                        ----    never  siempre en respuestas negativas

- yet, so far and already
   Usamos yet en las frases interrogativas y negativas
   Ej: Have you finished this book yet?   yet interrogativa = aún
         No, I haven't finished yet.              yet negativa = todavía

   Usamos so far en oraciones interrogativas y positivas. 
   Ej: How many pages have you read so far?       so far = hasta ahora
         I've read 56 pages so far                               so far = hasta ahora

   Usamos already en oraciones positivas para describir una acción que sucedido antes
   Ej: When are you going to finish your letter?
         I've already written  it                  already = ya está realizada la acción del verbo en el pasado

- just
   Usamos just para describir un suceso ocurrido o realiazado muy recientemente
   Ej.:  Cathy has just phoned from the airport    just = acaba de ser terminada la acción del verbo 

- Adverbios de frecuencia: always, often, etc.
  Los adverbios de frecuencia con el Present Simple y también se utilizan con el Present Perfect
  Ej: Peter has always loved animals     (describe un hecho)
       We have often visited Spain           (marca la repetición de un hecho)

- for and since
  Usamos for para describir un periodo de tiempo
   Ej: Tom has worked here for three months    for = desde hace
   
  Usamos since para señalar el momento en que un periodo de tiempo comienza
  Ej: Tom has worked here since July 10th       since = desde (ese momento concreto)

* PRESENT PERFECT + TIME EXPRESSIONS / 
   I have read 56 pages so far  /  Have you finished this book yet?   /   No , I haven't finished yet
       │       │                    │            │      │        │                     │                        │          │         │
   AUX  Past Part.   Time expr.  AUX Subj  Past Part.    Time expr.       AUX    Past Part  Time exp.


FREQUENCY ADVERBS
    We have   often     visited Spain        /   Have you  visited Spain often?       
            │       │             │                             │      │       │                 │
       AUX    Time exp  Past Part.          AUX   Subj   Past Part.  Time expr.

* HOMEWORK
- Language Practice. Pag 25 Y 26
- Fotocopias. Pag.  19