* STUDENT'S BOOK. Pag. 19
2 GRAMMAR. Present perfect + for/since, present perfect continous
a) 1- B/ 2- C/ 3- A
b) 1 - b - a period of time from the past until now
2 - The first two questions the form ver are present perfect and the third question is
present perfect continous
* STUDENT'S BOOK. Pag, 135. Grammar Bank 2B.
Present perfect + for/since, present perfect continous
PRESENT PERFECT (AVpart.)= auxiliar + Verbo en pasado participio)
- ESTRUCTURA GRAMATIAL PRESENT PERFECT (AVpart)
You have had that bag since 2010 / You haven't had that bag since 2010 / How long have you had..?
│ │ │ │ │ │
AUX Verbo participio AUX Verbo participio AUX Verbo part
- Usamos el present perfect + for/ since con NON-ACTION VERBS (like, have, know, etc.)
cuando nos referimos a una acción que comienza en el pasado y continua hasta este momento
Ej: They've known each other for ten years
- Usamos How long...? + present perfect para preguntar acerca de un periodo de tiempo que
aun no ha terminado
Ej: How long has your brother had his motorbike?
- Usamos for + un periodo de tiempo. Usamos since + un punto concreto de tiempo
Ej: for two weeks Ej: since 1990
For siempre para un periodo de tiempo sin concretar el punto donde comienza ese periodo
Since siempre para referirnos a un punto o desde un punto concreto que se realiza la acción
- NUNCA PRESENT SIMPLE + FOR / SINCE
Ej:
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS (APV+Ing)= auxiliar+Participio + Infinitivo + ing)
- Usamos el PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS + for / since con ACTION VERBS (learn,
work, go, etc.) para referirnos a acciones que comenzaron en el pasado y continuan en el
momento actual
Ej: Nick has been working here since April
- NUNCA PRESENT CONTINOUS + FOR / SINCE
Ej:
- Usamos PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS cuando nos referimos a una ACTIVIDAD
TERMINADA RECIENTEMENTE y no hacemos referencia al tiempo.
Aunque la actividad está acabada vemos el resultado en el momento actual
Ej: I've just been cleaning the car / It's been snowing
- Usamos PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS para referirnos a actividades repetidas que
comienzan en el pasado y continuan repitiendose hasta el momento actual
Ej: I've been going to Spain on holiday every year since 1987
- Usamos PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS para preguntar y responder cuestiones que
hace referencia a la duración de una actividad
Ej: How long have you been waiting for me? I've been waiting for about ten minutes
- ESTRUCTURA GRAMATICAL PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS (APV+Ing)
I have been working here / I haven't been working here / How long have I been working here?
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
AUX PART INF+ing AUX PART INF+ing AUX PART INF+ing
- IMPORTANTE:
los verbos WORK y LIVE se utilizan igualmente en present perfect perfect y present perfect
continous teniendo el mismo significado
Ej: I've lived here since 1982 / I've been living here since 1982
* STUDENT'S BOOK. Pag. 135. Exercises
a) 1- We've had our new flat since six months /
2- Hi Jackie! How are you? I haven't seen you for ages!/
3- How long have you know your husband?/ 4- Emily has been a volunteer for ten years ago/
5- Paul hasn't eaten anything since yesterday because he's ill/
6- It hasn't been raining since two months/ 7- How long have your parents married?/
8- They've have their dog since they got married/
9- I haven't had any emails from my brother for last Christmas/
10- My grandmother has lived in the same house all her life
b) 1- We've know each other since we were children/
2- The children have been playing computer games for two hours/
3- Has your sister have been having that hairstyle for a long time?/
4- I've loved her since the firts day we met/
5- My internet connection hasn't been working since yesterday/
6- how long have you been waiting?/ 7- I have been a teacher for three years/
8- It has been snowing since five o'clock this morning/
9- Sam hasn't been studying enougth for recently/
10- Have you been living in London for a long time?
- ANNOTATION
FOR = desde hace / SINCE = desde
* STUDENT'S BOOK. Pag. 19. 3 PRONUNCIATION
a) 1- How long have you been learning French? 2- I've been learning French for three years/
3- How long has it been raining? 4- It's been raining since lunchtime/
5- How long have you been waiting?/ 6- I've been waiting for half and hour
d) 1- It's snowing - How long has it been snowing?/
2- I'm learning Russian - How long have you been learning Russian?/
3- Susan has been working in Italy - How long has Susan been working in Italy?/
4- John is looking for a job - How long has John been looking for a job?/
5- They're living with Mary's parents - How long have they been living with Mary's parents?/
6- I'm going to salsa classes - How long have you been going to salsa classes?/
7- It's raining - How long has it been raining? /
8- Justin is going out with Britney - How long has Justin been going out with Britney?
4 SPEAKING
a) 1- I've used Facebook since 2015/ 2- My close friend is Jesus, I've known him since primary/
3- I like to see motorbikes races/ 4- I've had my car for three years/
5- I've lived in my flat for ten years/ 6- I always like to go to eat at Kasko's/
7- My laptop is very importan for me since I've bougth it/
8- I've member of biker's association for fifteen years/ 9- I've learnt English for three years
b) 1- Why have you been using since 2015?/ 2- How long have Jesus been your close friend?/
3- How long have you been seeing motorcycles races?/ 4- Why did you buy that car?/
5- Have you made works in your house?/
6- Why have you been going to eat at that restaurant always?/
7- How long have you been having that laptop?/ 8- Why did you associate in that club?/
9- Why have you been learning English?
5 READING & LISTENING
a) Yes, In my country there are several associations to raise money, I like specially, one of them,
it is a new association created by the Fito singer. He has been raising money for cancer's children.
Yes, I taken part in that event, I bought a ticket for a raffle that was organizated for him
I raised 20 euros to buy 4 tickets, but I didn't win the raffle.
b) 1- Helen Skelton went down the Amazon from Peru to Brasil/
2- She completed Ultra-Marathon in Namibia/
3- The most dangerous was that there are no roads, no towns, only rainforest and the river/
4- Helen has only been kayaking once before in her life
c) she went the wrong way/ she could get shick/ she could fall out the kayak
d) 1- I'm already behind/ 2- It's absolutely boiling/ 3- I was exhausted/ 4- do you want give up/
5- The river is incredibly wide/ 6- It looks like melted chocolate/
7- I paddle for at least ten hours/ 8- It's boring a times/ 9- Ihaven't been feeling/
10- I was feeling shick
e) Yes, she managed to finish, he arrived to Brazil after 3,200 km
f) Phone Call 4
1- Her I-Pod is broken/ 2- She's been looking the sky, and she's counted countries in her head/
3- Because she's superstitious, she had still a very long way to go
Phone Call 5
4- The mosquitoes, they bited her/
5- she paddled in the middle of a group of dolphins, she saw enormous butterflies, iguanas and
vultures which fly above her in big groups/
6- Because this adventure is coming to an end
Phone Call 6
7- She did 3.200 km/ 8- The journey lasted 6 weeks/ 9- She has missed her dog Barney/
10- She's going to do will be to pick her dog up and take him for a nice long walk
g) My exciting experience has been to do a trip from Bilbao to Norway by motorbike.
It was a positive experience I met to many people and I visited several countries
* LANGUAGE PRACTICE
- 6 GRAMMAR. Present Perfect 1
FORMA DEL PRESENT PERFECT
El Present Perfect se forma con el auxiliar del verbo have/has y el pasado participio.
POSITIVE
I have decided to leave tomorrow (v. regular) Sue has sent an email to Lucy (v. irregular)
│ │ │ │
AUX Past participle AUX Past participle
QUESTIONS
Have you decided yet? (v. regular) Has she left yet? (v. irregular)
│ │ │ │ │ │
AUX Subj Past participle AUX Subj Past participle
NEGATIVE
Sue has not sent an email to Lucy (v. regular) She hasn't sent an email to Lucy (v. irregular)
│ │ │ │
AUX neg. Past participle AUX neg. Past participle
SIGNIFICADO DEL PRESENT PERFECT
Se utiliza para describir eventos realizados en el pasado y que siguen conectados con el presente
La acción ocurre un periodo de tiempo hasta el presente y no conocemos el momento exacto en que ocurrió
Lo usamos para describir:
1- Experiencias en nuestra vida.
Ej. : Have you ever visited any other countries? (desde un pasado hasta el momento actual)
I've been to Italy and France (no decimos la fecha en que hemos hecho la accion)
I went to Italy and France in 2006 (al decir una fecha concreta se utiliza past simple)
2- Un hecho acontecido en el pasado y los resultados continúan en el momento presente
Ej.: Helen has broken her pencil (se rompió y continúa roto)
I've hurt my foot
3- No hay una expresión de tiempo porque cuando ocurrió la acción no es lo importante,
nuestra atención está en el presente
Ej.: I've hurt my foot (present perfect) / I hurt my foot last week (past simple)
4- La situación comienza en el pasado y continua hasta el presente
Ej: I've lived here for ten years (he vivido pero a dia de hoy sigo viviendo)
(hay una expresión de tiempo que describe cuanto o como a menudo algo ha ocurrido)
5- Cuando se hace referencia el número de cosas terminadas hasta ahora y no se menciona un
tiempo exacto en que se ha realizado la acción
Ej: I've read 100 pages of this book (no menciona el tiemplo empleado en la acción)
EXPRESIONES DE TIEMPO
- never / ever cuando hablamos de nuestras experiencias en la vida
Ej: Have you ever eaten Japanese food? ---- ever siempre en frases interrogativas
No, I've never eaten it ---- never siempre en respuestas negativas
- yet, so far and already
Usamos yet en las frases interrogativas y negativas
Ej: Have you finished this book yet? yet interrogativa = aún
No, I haven't finished yet. yet negativa = todavía
Usamos so far en oraciones interrogativas y positivas.
Ej: How many pages have you read so far? so far = hasta ahora
I've read 56 pages so far so far = hasta ahora
Usamos already en oraciones positivas para describir una acción que sucedido antes
Ej: When are you going to finish your letter?
I've already written it already = ya está realizada la acción del verbo en el pasado
- just
Usamos just para describir un suceso ocurrido o realiazado muy recientemente
Ej.: Cathy has just phoned from the airport just = acaba de ser terminada la acción del verbo
- Adverbios de frecuencia: always, often, etc.
Los adverbios de frecuencia con el Present Simple y también se utilizan con el Present Perfect
Ej: Peter has always loved animals (describe un hecho)
We have often visited Spain (marca la repetición de un hecho)
- for and since
Usamos for para describir un periodo de tiempo
Ej: Tom has worked here for three months for = desde hace
Usamos since para señalar el momento en que un periodo de tiempo comienza
Ej: Tom has worked here since July 10th since = desde (ese momento concreto)
* PRESENT PERFECT + TIME EXPRESSIONS /
I have read 56 pages so far / Have you finished this book yet? / No , I haven't finished yet
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
AUX Past Part. Time expr. AUX Subj Past Part. Time expr. AUX Past Part Time exp.
FREQUENCY ADVERBS
We have often visited Spain / Have you visited Spain often?
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
AUX Time exp Past Part. AUX Subj Past Part. Time expr.
* HOMEWORK
- Language Practice. Pag 25 Y 26
- Fotocopias. Pag. 19
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